{"id":54591,"date":"2021-03-31T13:33:08","date_gmt":"2021-03-31T16:33:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/blog\/?p=96"},"modified":"2026-08-24T12:12:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T15:12:02","slug":"melanopsina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/pt\/melanopsina\/","title":{"rendered":"Melanopsina"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Existem diversas pistas temporais ambientais que podem ser utilizadas com agentes sincronizadores da express\u00e3o circadiana dos seres vivos, dentre eles, a intera\u00e7\u00e3o social, atividade f\u00edsica e alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o. Ainda assim \u00e9 consenso que o principal agente sincronizador da ritmicidade circadiana \u00e9 o ciclo claro\/escuro. Saiba mais no artigo de  <a href=\"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/pt\/o-que-e-ritmo-circadiano\/\">ritmo circadiano<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em seres humanos, como entre todos os mam\u00edferos, o \u00fanico \u00f3rg\u00e3o fotorreceptor \u00e9 a retina, estrutura presente nos olhos que tem como objetivo o processamento da informa\u00e7\u00e3o luminosa, e assim tornando poss\u00edvel a vis\u00e3o. Desta forma, \u00e9 plaus\u00edvel imaginar que \u00e9 atrav\u00e9s da vis\u00e3o que percebemos as mudan\u00e7as de claro\/escuro. No entanto, as coisas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o t\u00e3o simples como parece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em trabalhos experimentais com ratos, foi observado que em indiv\u00edduos que s\u00e3o congenitamente cegos (atrav\u00e9s de uma manipula\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9tica), ainda \u00e9 poss\u00edvel observar respostas circadiana \u00e0 luz, desta forma, sugerindo que as informa\u00e7\u00f5es que regulam o sistema de temporiza\u00e7\u00e3o circadiano end\u00f3geno seja independente da percep\u00e7\u00e3o dos processos visuais da retina (Foster, 1993). Adicionalmente, em camundongos que n\u00e3o t\u00eam cones e bastonetes (cong\u00eanito, atrav\u00e9s de manipula\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9tica), \u00e9 poss\u00edvel observar que a express\u00e3o circadiana atrav\u00e9s do claro\/escuro n\u00e3o \u00e9 significativamente afetada (Yoshimura e Ebihara ,1996, 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A partir destes fatos, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel supor que a sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o circadiana n\u00e3o depende da percep\u00e7\u00e3o visual da luz.&nbsp; No in\u00edcio dos anos 2000, foi descoberta a exist\u00eancia de c\u00e9lulas ganglionares fotorreceptoras na retina (ipRGCs), com a presen\u00e7a da melanopsina. Estes fotorreceptores t\u00eam uma comunica\u00e7\u00e3o direta com os n\u00facleos supraquiasm\u00e1ticos, que t\u00eam um papel essencial no sistema de temporiza\u00e7\u00e3o circadiana (Beerson et al 2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assim como nos roedores, respostas do sistema circadiano a est\u00edmulos de luz, n\u00e3o dependem da presen\u00e7a dos cones e bastonetes da retina. Este papel pode ser realizado apenas com o ipRGCs, apesar de que estes se comunicam indiretamente com os cones e bastonetes, recebendo informa\u00e7\u00f5es que tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o utilizadas para os ajustes da temporiza\u00e7\u00e3o circadiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/olho-melanopsina1024-x-1024-pt-768x768-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34196\" width=\"432\" height=\"432\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em estudos recentes, os autores descrevem como que a informa\u00e7\u00e3o processada pelos cones e pelas ipRGCs tem papeis diferentes no sistema de temporiza\u00e7\u00e3o circadiano. Gooley e colaboradores (2010), realizaram um estudo com seres humanos a partir de uma terapia de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o luminosa de modo a identificar mudan\u00e7as na secre\u00e7\u00e3o de melatonina e mudan\u00e7as de express\u00e3o circadiana. No entanto, al\u00e9m de utilizarem uma luz de espectro azul (460nm), que \u00e9 a frequ\u00eancia de onda mais sens\u00edvel para as ipRGCs, tamb\u00e9m utilizaram uma luz de espectro verde (555nm), que \u00e9 mais sens\u00edvel o sistema de c\u00e9lulas fotorreceptoras da retina, os cones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como resultado, os autores observaram que a luz de espectro azul tem um papel <ins>O<\/ins>mais duradouro na supress\u00e3o da melatonina quando comparado com a luz de espectro verde, no qual \u00e9 observado apenas uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o inicial na secre\u00e7\u00e3o da melatonina. No entanto, as mudan\u00e7as de fase observadas na express\u00e3o do ritmo circadiano da melatonina, s\u00e3o muito similares, com a terapia com luz verde resultando em maiores mudan\u00e7as de fase do que a terapia com luz azul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com base nestes dados, levanta-se a preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o de se prevenir n\u00e3o apenas da emiss\u00e3o de luz de espectro predominantemente azul por dispositivos eletr\u00f4nicos de casa. A luz de espectro verde tamb\u00e9m podem gerar atrasos de fase na ritmicidade circadiana, de forma a gerar, como consequ\u00eancia, atrasos na hora de dormir e acordar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estes resultados s\u00e3o de extrema import\u00e2ncia quando se trata de estrat\u00e9gias de desenvolvimento e otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o das terapias de luz no tratamento de dist\u00farbios sono e de ritmicidade circadiana. Al\u00e9m do hor\u00e1rio que se utiliza a terapia de luz, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio realizar manipula\u00e7\u00f5es do espectro, dura\u00e7\u00e3o e padr\u00f5es de luz para estimular tanto os sistemas&nbsp; receptores das melanopsinas quanto dos cones. Ou at\u00e9 mesmo poder escolher qual seria o melhor tipo de interven\u00e7\u00e3o, se \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio uma supress\u00e3o ou n\u00e3o da melatonina durante o tratamento. Os autores ainda descrevem que a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o em conjunto das melanopsinas e dos cones em diferentes espectros de luz podem ser eficazes na manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da express\u00e3o circadiana em ambientes confinados, como em expedi\u00e7\u00f5es espaciais, submarinos, entre outras. E tamb\u00e9m podemos extrapolar a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de terapias relacionadas em situa\u00e7\u00f5es nas quais as pessoas n\u00e3o est\u00e3o expostas a luz rotineiramente, como em institui\u00e7\u00f5es de longa perman\u00eancia (asilos), hospitais (CTI\u2019s, por exemplo)e at\u00e9 mesmo em estrat\u00e9gias em voos transcontinentais de longa dura\u00e7\u00e3o, nos quais a mudan\u00e7a de fuso hor\u00e1rio geram dist\u00farbios de ritmo ocasionado pelo jetlag social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/pt\/contato\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/CONDOR-FOOTER-1-1024x427-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/CONDOR-FOOTER-1-1024x427-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/CONDOR-FOOTER-1-1024x427-1-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/CONDOR-FOOTER-1-1024x427-1-768x320.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Saiba mais sobre os act\u00edgrafos Condor Instruments em:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/pt\/contato\/\">https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/contato\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/condor.fabbricaweb.com.br\/pt\/contato\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fale Conosco<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are various environmental temporal cues that can be used as synchronizing agents for the circadian expression of living beings, including social interaction, physical activity and feeding. However, there is a consensus that the main synchronizing agent of circadian rhythmicity is the light\/dark cycle. Find out more in the article by Circadian rhythm. In humans, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":34146,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circadian-rhythm-and-health"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Melanopsin - Condor Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Melanopsin - Condor Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There are various environmental temporal cues that can be used as synchronizing agents for the circadian expression of living beings, including social interaction, physical activity and feeding. 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